Mixed farms and planning budgets
Fleet rows are summed individually. Additional facility power follows the selected uptime for energy but is included at full running load for thermal estimates. Hosting is a monthly fleet-wide fee. Missing unit prices suppress payback. Electrical demand tools use user-supplied voltage, phase, power factor and utilization; they do not prescribe an installation.
Units and rounding
All money inputs and outputs use USD. Hashrate is TH/s, power is watts and uptime is a fraction from 0 to 1. Financial calculations retain floating-point precision internally and round only for display. A month is 30 days and a year is 365 days. Outputs are estimates, not accounting records.
Revenue model and uncertainty
Expected hashes per block are difficulty × 2³². Expected blocks per day are hashrate in hashes/second × 86,400 × uptime divided by expected hashes per block. Multiply by subsidy plus estimated average transaction fees to obtain BTC/day. Network hashrate is shown for context and is not mixed with the difficulty model. Pool fees are a fraction of gross revenue. Assumes current network conditions remain constant.
Break-even BTC price and hardware return
Break-even BTC price = daily electricity cost ÷ (BTC/day × (1 − pool fee)). Annual operating return = net daily operating profit × 365 ÷ hardware price × 100%. A zero denominator is undefined. Zero hardware price means no purchase quote has been entered. A non-positive net result has no finite payback.
Hosting accounting
Management and setup inputs apply to the whole fleet; hardware price applies per ASIC. Monthly pool fees = gross monthly revenue × pool fee. Monthly net = gross revenue − pool fees − electricity − management. Effective $/kWh = (electricity + management) ÷ fleet monthly kWh. Break-even tariff = (revenue − pool fees − management) ÷ fleet monthly kWh. Capital = unit hardware price × fleet size + one-time setup. Payback days = capital ÷ (monthly net ÷ 30), only for positive net. Setup is not amortized into the operating tariff.
Cooling assumptions
Thermal load is based on simultaneous running power, independent of average uptime. The airflow model assumes air density 1.2 kg/m³, specific heat 1,005 J/kg·K, dry sensible heat transfer and perfect mixing. The temperature difference is maximum exhaust/room temperature minus intake temperature. At zero or negative difference, this ventilation method cannot remove the heat. Cooling tons are thermal capacity, not HVAC electrical demand; no COP is assumed. Hydro miners transfer heat to liquid and need separate coolant-system engineering.
Boundaries and excluded costs
Negative power, tariffs and fees are rejected. Zero watts produces zero energy and heat; zero hashrate makes J/TH undefined. Uptime and fee fractions must be in [0,1]. The tool bounds extreme inputs to avoid unstable output. Taxes, demand charges, financing, repairs, depreciation, downtime-related standby loads, facility cooling electricity and changes in difficulty or BTC price require separate allowances.
Electricity cost
kWh/day = watts ÷ 1,000 × 24 × uptime. Cost = kWh × electricity rate.
At 3,500 W, 100% uptime and $0.08/kWh: 84 kWh/day, $6.72/day and $201.60 per 30-day month.
Mining profitability
BTC/day = TH/s × 10¹² × 86,400 × uptime ÷ (difficulty × 2³²) × (subsidy + average fees/block). Net = BTC/day × BTC price × (1 − pool fee) − electricity.
Illustrative only: if gross revenue is $10/day and the pool fee is 2%, a $6.72 electricity bill leaves $3.08/day before other expenses. This is arithmetic, not market data.
ASIC ROI & payback
Simple payback days = hardware cost ÷ positive daily operating profit. Annual operating return = daily profit × 365 ÷ hardware cost × 100%.
Illustrative only: $3,000 of hardware and $3/day of net operating profit gives 1,000-day simple payback. A loss has no finite payback.
Break-even electricity
Break-even $/kWh = daily revenue after pool fees ÷ daily kWh. Break-even BTC price = electricity/day ÷ BTC/day after pool fees.
Illustrative only: $8.40/day after pool fees and 84 kWh/day gives a $0.10/kWh operating break-even tariff, excluding capital and other expenses.
ASIC efficiency
J/TH = power in watts ÷ hashrate in TH/s. A watt is one joule per second.
3,500 W ÷ 200 TH/s = 17.5 J/TH. Zero hashrate has no defined efficiency.
Mining heat output
BTU/hour = watts × 3.412142. Heat is based on running power, not uptime-averaged energy.
3,500 W × 3.412142 = 11,942.497 BTU/hour. Nearly all electrical energy consumed ultimately becomes heat.
Mining cooling
Cooling tons = total BTU/hour ÷ 12,000. Airflow m³/h = total watts × 3,600 ÷ (1.2 kg/m³ × 1,005 J/kg·K × temperature rise).
One 3,500 W miner with a 10°C rise needs approximately 1,045 m³/h of ideal airflow and produces a 0.995-ton thermal load. Fan resistance, humidity, altitude and recirculation are excluded.
Mining hosting cost
Monthly operating cost = machines × kWh/month × tariff + fleet management fee. Net = gross revenue − pool fees − operating cost. Capital = machines × unit hardware price + one-time fleet setup fee.
Two 3,500 W miners at $0.08/kWh plus $50/month fleet management cost $453.20/month. Setup is a one-time capital cost, not a recurring electricity fee.
Mixed mining farm
Farm watts = Σ(unit watts × count) × (1 + facility overhead / 100). Revenue sums each row; net deducts electricity, pool fees and monthly hosting.
100 S21 references plus 50 M60 references draw 509,200 W before facility overhead. With 10% overhead: 560,120 W and 13,442.88 kWh/day at full uptime.
Mining farm electricity
Daily farm kWh = Σ(unit watts × count) × (1 + overhead / 100) ÷ 1,000 × 24 × uptime. Cost = kWh × tariff.
100 units at 3,500 W with 10% facility overhead consume 9,240 kWh/day at full uptime. At $0.08/kWh the daily electricity budget is $739.20.
Mining farm cooling
Total heat = fleet running watts × 3.412142 BTU/h. Tons = BTU/h ÷ 12,000. Airflow = watts × 3,600 ÷ (1.2 × 1,005 × temperature rise).
Two 3,500 W references produce 23,884.994 BTU/h before overhead: approximately 1.990 cooling tons. A 10°C rise requires ideal airflow of 2,089.55 m³/h.
Watts to BTU/hour
BTU/hour = watts × 3.412142. This converts a rate of energy transfer, not stored energy in BTU.
1,000 W of electrical heat corresponds to 3,412.142 BTU/hour. A 3,500 W load corresponds to 11,942.497 BTU/hour.
BTU/hour to cooling tons
Cooling tons = BTU/hour ÷ 12,000. Thermal kW = BTU/hour ÷ 3,412.142.
24,000 BTU/hour equals 2 cooling tons and approximately 7.034 thermal kW. That is cooling capacity, not compressor electricity consumption.
Hashrate converter
Converted hashrate = input × 1,000^(source unit index − target unit index). Units run from H/s to EH/s.
200 TH/s = 200,000 GH/s = 0.2 PH/s. Unit conversion does not make different mining algorithms comparable.
Mining power requirements
Apparent VA = watts ÷ power factor. Single-phase current = VA ÷ voltage; balanced three-phase line current = VA ÷ (√3 × line-to-line voltage).
An illustrative 3,500 W single-phase load at 240 V and power factor 0.95 draws approximately 15.35 A. This specifies neither a breaker nor a cable.
Mining circuit budget
Usable power budget = voltage × current budget × power factor × utilization × phase factor. Theoretical units = floor(usable watts ÷ unit watts).
An illustrative 240 V, 30 A single-phase budget, power factor 0.95 and 80% allowance gives 5,472 W. One 3,500 W load fits the arithmetic; this is not installation approval.
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